Is the environmental Kuznets Curve in Europe related to the per-capita ecological footprint or CO2 emissions?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The Environmental Kuznets Curve:
1. Introduction The environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothesized relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. In the early stages of economic growth degradation and pollution increase, but beyond some level of income per capita (which will vary for different indicators) the trend reverses, so that at high-income levels economic growth leads to env...
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T he environmental Kuznets curve posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution and economic development. Kuznets’s name was apparently attached to the curve by Grossman and Krueger (1993), who noted its resemblance to Kuznets’s inverted-U relationship between income inequality and development. In the first stage of industrialization, pollution in the environmental Kuznets curve world grow...
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cointegration Classical regression analysis assumes that the error term in a regression is normally and independently distributed. An extreme violation of this condition is when the error term is a random walk. Such a regression is termed a spurious regression and the results are not reliable. It usually indicates that a required variable with random walk behavior has been omitted from the mode...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Ecological Indicators
سال: 2020
ISSN: 1470-160X
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106187